Personality Differences of Adolescents with Working Mothers

Personality Differences of Adolescents with Working Mothers Research proposal on A comparative study on personality of adolescents between working and non working mother in Bangladesh Shinthia parvin SUMMARY The present study will conduct to investigate whether there will any difference in personality of adolescence between working or non-working mother in Bangladesh. For this purpose 100 students will take from different areas of Dhaka city where 50 students mother is housewife and 50 students mother is working women. Each of the group will match regarding their age, educational qualification and socio-economic status. The information will collect through two questionnaire (1) questionnaire for participants’ personal information and (2) Eysenck personality Questionnaire (EPQ). The age group of the participants was between 12 to 18 years. The statistical treatment of the data will do by t-test. The hypotheses of this research assumed that â€Å" there are differences in personality of adolescence between working or non- working mother,†indicating there would be a difference among the four dimension of the personality like Extraversion (E) ,neuroticism (N) , Psychoticism (P) , and Lie scale (L) , in the two groups. Introduction Adolescence is the period of life from late childhood until physical growth is relatively complete and also marks the beginning of early adulthood. Age 13 through 16 is considered early adolescence and 17 through 21 is late adolescence (Wolman, 1989). The term adolescence is commonly used to describe the transitional stage of physical and psychological development between childhood and adulthood. There is no one scientific definition of adolescence or set age boundary. There is a key development change that nearly all adolescents experience during their transition from childhood to adulthood. This time frame, however, not only describes a very diverse reality, but adolescence varies considerably across cultures, over time, and within individuals (Kaplan, 2004). Personality is dynamic which depends on organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his or her unique adjustment to his environment .personality is what a man really is (Allport,1975) .Personality can be defined as the unique pattern of behavioral and mental processes that characterize an individual and the individual’s interactions with the environment (Crider others, 1993). Each man is individual to the dimensions of personality. Because of this difference in personality some women wanted only to look after their family and some women wanted to engage in work outside of their home. Veroff and fello (1970) mentioned that the aim of the women who have professional values are education and working life, whereas the aim of the family related house women are marriage and bringing up their children. French and lesses (1964) have shown in their research that the ancient mentality based on women who Have definite goals demonstrate good skill when they play their role as a wife and as a mother. Majority of Bangladeshi women play a role as a housewife more than a working women, but the women who are residing in the cities are beginning to establish their own profession. Huq (1981) has shown in a research that 55% of working women in the town are the principle earning person of the family, 20% work for filling up the shortage of each other’s income, 6% work to pass their time, 12% work for utilizing their education and 4% work for enjoying their freedom through their profession. Yet, most of the women are still housewives and the numbers of working women are less in number. Bangladeshi society considers motherhood the most desirable role for the women. And family responsibilities are more important for women than careers (Khan Amanullah ),1998 . Miller (1975) saw that a mother’s job creates a negative influence on their child. Traditionally Bangladeshi women work within the family structure. The working women have to work both within the family and in their work place. So it creates more stress on them. It can also affect children‘s life. Islam Rahman (1991) found that the housewife mothers make their children more dependent than working mothers and they become more protective of their female child than of their male child and encourages the male child to develop their language skill .on the other hand, a working mother makes their male child more dependent than their female child and greatly influence them to develop their language skill .The hypothesis of this research assumed that â€Å"there are differences in personality of adolescents between working and non-working mother†, indicating there would be a difference among four dimensions of the personality like Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N), psychoticism (P), and Lie scale (L), in the two groups. Aims The aim of this research project is to à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Understand adolescent’s personality. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Investigate there will any differences in personality of adolescents between working and non-working mother. Justification/Rationale Adolescence is a very critical and transitional period of life span of a person. In that time, adolescents have to cope with their physical, social, psychological changes; that is why they have to face a lot of stressful situation such as family, school and peer group pressure which effect their life. Sometimes, adolescents may fall down from their mainstream because of anger, life stress, and lack of consciousness which is threatening to their development. The findings of the study will be helpful to understand the status of personality of the adolescents. The study would have some applied values and the study would give new knowledge about personality and its related of other problems of adolescence period. Therefore, this study will help us to provide such information which is very essential for mental health workers, psychologists, sociologists, governments, NGOs and policy makers to take effective steps to facilitate adolescent development. Method Participants 50 working women’s child and 50 non-working women’s child will take as a sample of the present research. The samples will collect from different places of Dhaka city. The age range of the student will between 12 to 18 years. Their educational qualifications will from class vii to HSC level. The professions of the working mother will school teacher, college teacher, government service holder, doctor, nurse, and banker. Instruments Two types of questionnaire will use. First a demographic questionnaire will give to get the personal information of the participants like age, educational qualification, socioeconomic status, monthly family income, etc. The second questionnaire will Eyesenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) Bengali version(translated standardized byRahman in 1980). EPQ contained one hundred and one items. Both questionnaires will give to the participants individually. Procedure The sample will collect from the different areas of Dhaka city. In this study two types of questionnaire will use, at first questionnaire will be given to collect participants personal information and EPQ is the self-directed questionnaire. Before responding the participants will assure that full confidentiality will be maintained. The participants will answer the questions by circling the ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer. For each positive item, score 1 indicates ‘yes’ and 0 for ‘no’. Reverse scoring will use for the negative items. The sums of the scores of all items will the total score of the scale for an individual.

Isaac Asimov :: essays research papers fc

Isaac Asimov: Robotics Essay Uploaded by Klownsam (20) on Jul 4, 2004 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Isaac Asimov Isaac Asimov was born on January 2, 1920 in Petrouchi, Russia. His parents were Judah and Anna Asimov. Isaac also has a sister Veronica and a brother Stanley. In 1923 his family immigrated to the United States. He and his family grew up in Brooklyn, New York. In Brooklyn his family ran a small candy and magazine store. This is one of the places where Asimov began to learn about printing. Also it was here that Asimov learned good business and self-discipline skills (Bloom, 251). Asimov attended school and was a very bright student. He went to college at Columbia University. He graduated from there with his master's degree in Chemistry in 1941. His career was cut short though because in 1942 he moved to Philadelphia Naval Yard to work for the war. In 1945 he entered the army. In July of 1946 he was discharged from the army and he moved around for a few years till settling in West Newton, Massachusetts with Gertrude. It is there that he raised his family (Seiler,8). Asimov married Gertrude Blugerman on July 26th, 1942. They met on a blind date on Valentine's Day. In 1955 their first son was born they named him David. Four years later their daughter Robyn Joan was born. Asimov met another woman Janet Jepson at a mystery writers banquet. The two of them were immediately attracted to one another. In 1970 when Gertrude and Asimov separated he moved in with Janet. His divorce to Gertrude was officialized on November 16th, 1973. On November 30th, 1973 an official of the Ethical Culture Society married Asimov and Janet in her home. They did not have any children (7). Asimov worked for many years of his life before become just a writer. His first job was in 1929. When Asimov's mother became ill and could no longer work at the family business. This is where Asimov first learned his skills he would carry for the rest of his life. He was a hardworking diligent man. After the war and everything Asimov became an instructor at the Boston University of medicine. He was promoted to assistant professor in December of 1951. On July 1st, 1958 he gave up his teaching job and became a writer. Finally in 1979 he was promoted to professor (9). Being a very diligent writer Asimov wrote more than eight hours a day, seven days a week.

Human Cloning Debate and Life Issues :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Human Cloning Debate and Life Issues The use of cloning to produce "Dolly" the sheep has prompted a public debate about cloning humans. This issue has quickly become linked with the issues of abortion and embryo research. What is cloning? Cloning is a way of producing a genetic twin of an organism, without sexual reproduction. The method used to produce Dolly the sheep is called "somatic cell nuclear transfer": the nucleus of a body cell ("somatic cell") is transferred into an unfertilized egg whose nucleus has been removed or rendered inactive. A tiny electric pulse may then stimulate development of the resulting embryo, which is an almost exact genetic twin of the creature that supplied the nucleus. It may be technically possible to use this procedure to reproduce human beings. What does cloning have to do with embryo research? A great deal. Cloning a human being or other large organism begins by artificially producing an embryo of that species. To produce one live sheep, "Dolly," scientists created 277 sheep embryos; 276 died or were discarded. Experiments in human cloning would involve the creation and destruction of human embryos on a massive scale. Didn't the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) propose a ban on cloning? Not really. It proposed a five-year moratorium on use of cloning to produce a "child," meaning a live-born child. This would allow unlimited cloning to produce human embryos, so long as the embryos were then destroyed. Such experiments could be used to refine the procedure and test its likelihood of causing birth defects. After years of destructive experiments, the ban on allowing live birth could be reconsidered. So NBAC's proposal is not a ban on cloning but a permission slip for experimenting on embryos and a mandate for destroying them. This approach is reflected in S. 1602, a bill introduced by Senators Kennedy and Feinstein to prohibit transferring a cloned human embryo to "a woman's uterus." Under S. 1602, researchers could clone embryos and experiment on them without limit; they would violate the law only if they failed to throw away the embryos afterwards. What does human cloning have to do with abortion? Quite a bit, because bills like S. 1602 would enforce a ban on "cloning a human being" by mandating the destruction of all cloned human embryos. This would mark the first time Congress has ever declared that human embryos are not humans and are worthy only of destruction.

Tom’s Shoes

Tom’s Shoes Richard Morrow EMK 3601 Principles of Marketing October 28, 2012 The baby boomer generation may be a difficult group to reach for this company. First I don’t think canvas shoes are primary footwear for this group. The advertising campaign they have possibly will not reach them also as most of it is done thru the internet and unconventional media outlets. I also don’t think they will react well to the buy one set of shoes and they will donate a pair on your behalf. I believe they will be skeptical about who the shoes will be donated to.They are a bit more financially conservative when it comes to buying things that are not essential. The generation X group would be a better target for Tom’s Shoes than the baby boomer generation. They are a group that in general engages in outside activities than previous generations. These shoes are good for outside activities. This group grew up wearing vans and airwalks so they may like the nostalgia of their youth with these shoes. They may be receptive to the buy a pair of shoes if another pair gets donated to people in the third world countries.They will respond to the advertisements better than the baby boomer generation as they have in general more experience with internet advertising avenues. They also in general like to be a part of helping out people which are not that well off. The millennials generation would be the best generation to target for Tom’s shoes. They are a generation that has worn canvas shoes most of their lives. This generation is the first to have digital technology all of their life. This will make them very comfortable looking at the advertisements sent thru social media, the website, and other electronic means.The group also is likely to post it online without any request from Tom’s shoes. They also are likely to spread the information that is posted online hoping to get more people participating in the cause. They will also be responsive to don ating as they have not had the opportunity previously to help society as a generation. I think Tom’s shoes does well in walking the fine line between increased sales and facing charges of exploitation of third world people. He does well in that he posts exactly how many shoes have currently been given away. In 2010 he stated that they have given away more than 600,000 pairs of shoes.He is also very clear on the ratio of shoes bought and shoes donated. Their does not appear to be any hidden things with the proceeds. It is not like the things that say a portion of proceeds goes to charity. I think some people buy his shoes because they feel like they are personally making a difference in the world. They also identify with the company’s views in helping humanity halt of disease by providing shoes to halt the diseases.Work Cited Kotler, Philip, and Gary Armstrong. Principles of Marketing. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2012. Print.

“Freakonomics” by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner Essay

Freakonomics, by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner, is book that not your typical economist would write it was co-authored in 2005 and if morality represents how we would like the world to work, then economics represent how it actually does work in this award-winning book. Steven D. Levitt is a not your typical economist. He is a much-heralded scholar who studies the riddles of everyday life- from cheating and crime to sports and child rearing and whose conclusions turn the conventional wisdom on its head (freakonomics.com). Stephen J. Dubner is an award-winning author and journalist (freakonomics.com). These two authors team up to create a very insightful groundbreaking collaboration. They set out to to explore the inner workings of a crack gang, the truth about real estate agents, the secrets of the Ku Klux Klan, and much more. Through much story telling and insightful knowledge, they show that economics is at the root, the study of incentives (freakonomics.com). There is not one underlying theme the book, Freakonomics, is built around, but there are many reoccurring themes throughout. The three major themes that I found occur throughout the book are: positive vs. normative analysis, incentives are the cornerstone of modern life, and the idea of â€Å"tournament† style markets, â€Å"winner take all†. Freakonomics is a brilliant, provocative investigation into motives: what are they, how they can be changed, and how they affect what people do. It is also a deceptively easy read: its style is very humorous and really grips the reader throughout the book. Freakonomics tackles some of our most basic assumptions about the way people, and society, work. I believe that Freakonomics demonstrates the basic economic principles. I will defend this argument through the underlying themes of Freakonomics. Positive vs. normative analysis is one of the many underlying themes of Freakonomics. The conclusions derived from each chapter will often surprise the reader. These conclusions may also not agree with your personal beliefs, but that is the basis of positive vs. normative analysis. Positive economics is objective and fact bases, while normative economics is subjective and  value based. Positive economic analysis statements do not always have to be true, but in order to be considered a positive analysis you must be able to test and prove or disprove the statement. Normative analyses are opinion based, so they cannot be proved or disproved. This basic economic principle is not always easy to understand because the consumer is usually very value based. Public policies are typically revolved around normative economic statements meaning the disagreements carry on because neither side can prove that is correct or incorrect. There are many examples of positive vs. normative analysis throughout Freakonomics, in chapter four, on crime and abortion, the authors brought forth the issue of how crime rates relate to abortion and backed it up with the statistical information. This is an example of positive analysis because the statistical information supports the issue being argued. Normative analysis of the issue between crime and abortion would be that they are not correlated to one another because it pledges the fidelity to notions of the way the world should be. Also, in chapter five, the coauthors believe that a child’s academic success does not come from parental efforts and they explained this through the data presented in the book. One would think a parental figure would help a child’s development in the classroom, but in reality its other external factors that does. This clearly illustrates the difference between an analytical approach that considers the world, as it is (positive analysis ) and an analytical approach that is based on how the world should be (normative analysis). Incentives are the cornerstone for modern life, people respond to incentives. An understanding of incentives is the key to clearly understanding any human behavior. Incentives are a thing that motivates or encourages one to do something. Incentives are everywhere in the world especially in economics. Corporations are often given tax incentives for hiring more employees. Incentives are a payment or concession to stimulate greater output or investment. In Freakonomics, Levitt and Dubner believe incentives equivalent to the study of economics. In chapter one, Dubner and Levitt exclaim that incentives come in three varieties: moral incentives, social incentives, and economic incentives. Moral incentives are which one acts out of conscience or conviction. Social incentives are by which actions  are related to shame or glory. Economic incentives are causing people to act in their own personal financial interest. In chapter one, we saw the example of a day care center in Haifa, Israel, in which a fine was levied for parents picking up their child late from day care. Once the fine was implemented, we started seeing parents showing up late because it allowed more personal free time. Once this economic incentive was levied parents found that the free time outweighed the economic incentive. Parents were only picking up their child on time because there was somewhat of an incentive socially and morally. They morally or socially believed they had to pick up their child on time, but now that an economic incentive was implemented they did not feel morally responsible to be on time and just paid the fine. Also in chapter one, we saw the incentive for teachers and their students to do well on standardized testing for more school funding or even to keep their job, so teachers act out irrationally and help students ch eat on standardizing testing. Incentives are found in everyday life they are in every situation depending on one’s personal beliefs, which also can relate back to normative vs. positive analysis. In chapter two, real estate agents don’t have moral incentive to get the best price for their customers house being sold. Getting the optimal price on a house and time consuming. Since real estate agents make 3 to 6% commission on houses they have little incentive to put more work in then needed for a small amount of money more. They feel their time is more valuable then putting forth more effort in selling a house knowing they can sell it faster at a cheaper price. There are many examples throughout the book of incentives, but the one I found most interesting was the issue of drug dealers still living at home in chapter three. Levitt and Dubner use dealing crack cocaine as an example of an incentive to better yourself and make money through harsh working environments, but it is also an example of a basic economic principle called â€Å"tournament type markets†. They strategically use the example of dealing crack cocaine as a â€Å"tournament† type market by convincing the reader this is a â€Å"winner take all† field of work. Street-level drug salesman usually are motivated by the idea of getting promoted in the drug business, so they ultimately try to maximize the gang’s profits. Higher ranker officials however are more interested in making money since they are already in a position of high status. Overall in this market there are many players, but  one by one they are eliminated. At the end, a victor emerges and takes home the â€Å"prize† or money. As stated in the book, the top 120 â€Å"managers† in the Black disciples gang represented just 2.2 percent of the full-fledged gang membership, but took home well more than half the money. This is a â€Å"tournament† style market because these â€Å"managers† emerged from all the other competitors and are now high ranking, they won the â€Å"tournament† in essence. Overall I believe Freakonomics illustrates basic economic principles. Levitt and Dubner lay out many underlying themes in the book, Freakonomics, but there are many reoccurring themes throughout. The three major themes that I found throughout the book are: positive vs. normative analysis, incentives are the cornerstone of modern life, and the idea of â€Å"tournament† style markets, â€Å"winner take all†. These three basic economic principles are just a few of the major themes in the book, but I believe are enough evidence to convinced the reader that Freakonomics does cover major economic principles and is a book of economics. In all, Freakonomics is a brilliant book that incorporates everyday ideas into economic ones. It truly is a book about economics and the evidence given proves this. Works Cited â€Å"Freakonomics.† Freakonomics RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 June 2014. Levitt, Steven D., and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. New York: William Morrow, 2005. Print.

Alan Bennet’s “Talking Heads” – A monologue commentary

After reading a selection of monologues from Alan Bennett's â€Å"Talking Heads†, I was inspired to right one of my own. In my monologue the focus is on a young girl who lives alone with her father, who abuses her. The title, ‘A father's love', is ironic because if her father loved her, then why would he abuse her? This links to the monologues written by Alan Bennett as he also uses the technique of irony to engage the audience. The opening stage directions show some aspects of the character's lifestyle, â€Å"Emma sits on a battered leather armchair in a plain living room† From reading this, the audience will be able to identify the poor lifestyle that the girl experiences; this is also shown in a further set of stage directions â€Å"Emma is washing dishes in a basic, untidy looking kitchen.† In both instances there are hints of poverty, yet her father finds enough money to go to the pub at night. This helps to reveal her father's character and his priorities. In the first section of the monologue there is no clue as to what the problem could be, but as the monologue progresses the clues become clearer and the audience may have more of an idea of what the girl is experiencing. For example, â€Å"I said I was sorry about the medication but it really wasn't my fault, there wasn't a need for the way he reacted.† There it becomes obvious to the audience that the girl's father has a bad temper. This idea is developed in the next section of the monologue as the girl debates whether or not to go to school. It now becomes apparent that he has hit her. To create a more obvious clue I had to re draft my monologue in order for the audience to pick up on the problem, â€Å"How can I go to school with a face like this†¦ I could just tell everyone I fell down the stairs.† The clues are really subtle at first but do become more obvious as the monologue progresses. I tried to create tragedy in the monologue by portraying the young girl as feeling alone in the world; she lives alone with her bad tempered father who drinks a lot. The tragedy is that she doesn't want to walk out on her father but she knows that it's not safe for her to stay. I think that the audience could identify this in the monologue. In my monologue, it shows the father suprising the young girl with a shopping trip; this was only through guilt. It's tragic that he has to show his love for his daughter by buying presents and not through affection. By the end of the monologue we can see that there has been no change in the attitude of the father, although he promises his daughter that things will change, they don't. Emma says, â€Å"He promised me that he wasn't going to do this anymore†¦ I just hope he isn't drunk again.† This demonstrates her fear of her father. The last set of stage directions shows that the girl is frightened and that her father hasn't changed. The young girl knows what is going to happen when her father comes home. â€Å"A door slams and a man is heard shouting from off stage†¦ He's home! (Frightened)† I have tried to end my monologue on a tragic note, but leave the audience in suspense. It shows that the father has broke his promise and come in drunk again, but there is no indication as to whether he will beat his daughter.

Business organisation and policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business organisation and policy - Essay Example Both large and small firms are confronted with huge demands to step up output but must stay creative and pioneering as they face mergers of immense scope, escalating health care costs, cost-control efforts, fast-changing population demographics and high-speed evolution of new technologies. Such development has pushed several major players in the pharmaceutical sector to persistently invigorate and maximize their R&D expenditures in order to enhance their pipelines and keep abreast with their competitors in the pursuit for high level, large scale operations. This is in harmony with the perception that for large companies to keep on satisfying its shareholders’ expectations, undoubtedly, it is not acceptable and tolerable for them to stick with the status quo. However, the cost of taking in a new active substance (NAS) into the market, projected at US$600 million (Kettler 1999) and the plummeting number of these substances launched lately (Van de Haak 2001) explicitly describe t he scope and magnitude of this challenge. The US$600 million figure per NAS introduced consists of a considerable contribution from the expenses of all NASs that didn’t make the grade in the R&D process. So as to minimize and lower the high gnawing cost, a lot of firms have put portfolio management systems into operation. Since development projects eat up 10 times or more the capital needed for a research project, project selection and prioritization have been strongly emphasized, before entry into the development process. For specific corporations, the expenditure per NAS is greatly influenced by the firm’s character and distinctiveness -- its product profile, type of technology being used, and the kind of activities the firm opts to conduct in-house and those it decides to outsource (Findlay and Kirmani 2000). For so many years, large pharmaceutical companies had wished and anticipated that the greatly increased number of compounds