Essay Courage

Courage is a highly acclaimed trait in a person. It is raised up in war and times of struggle, but sometimes the intentions behind these courageous actions are overlooked. The value of courage lies not in the act itself, but in the motivations and values behind it. Simple being brave does not constitute courage. If an act is performed that has no thought behind, it loses its value. In the words of orator and lawyer Robert Green Ingersoll, â€Å"Courage without conscience is a wild beast. One should give some thought to an action before acting upon it. Without thought, or â€Å"conscience†, the action can be untimely and uncontrolled as would a â€Å"wild beast. † In 1999, two young men went on a shooting rampage at Columbine High School. This rash action, lacking conscience or concept of right and wrong, did not exhibit courage. Rather, good intentions and motivations should fuel courageous actions. As British author Samuel Johnson states, â€Å"Bravery has no place w here it can avail nothing. In other words, courage or bravery is worthless and unnecessary if the final outcome cannot be beneficial. For example, the terrorists involved with the September 11th tragedy were not considered to be courageous here in the United States. Their actions caused grief and sorrow. Nothing positive resulted from their actions, so the United States and her allies looked upon this as a cowardly action. Courage is defined by the motivations and thoughts that exist within the action.If these do not exist, the value of courage is lost. As with the terrorists and the two young men at Columbine, their actions did indeed require nerve. However, they cannot be seen as courageous because of the lack of good motivation and value behind them. Even if one's courageous action does not turn out to be effective, others will know that the right intentions existed. For that, they will recognize true courage.

‘Beautiful Burnout’ by Frantic Assembly

The lights, the outstanding choreography, searing vitality, the knockouts and the unbeatable storyline, are all factors which made this particular play an unforgettable one. I had rather high expectations of the play when I read that Mark Ravenhill had directed one of the adaptations plus the engaging reviews I had read had led me to believe it was going to be brilliant. However, even though the play was spectacular, from my point of view the storyline isn't something that would have attracted me initially and to be blatantly honest a few scenes during the production lost my interest and attention several times, therefore my expectations of the play where slightly let down by the ongoing boxing chatter and masculine clichi fight scenes. A brief description of the story is the dream of a young man and his manager for the young boxer to triumph in the boxing world and become a legend, his dreams are in the blink of an eye stolen from him when during a championship game he is injured and disabled for life, showing that his abilities an love of the game when put into perspective weren't worth it due to the loss of his normal everyday abilities, this proves boxing to be a controversial sport. The play was indeed gripping, due to its controversy, mainly because boxing in the past and present day is one of the most dangerous sports ever to be conceived by our society. It creates many disputable topics and arguments in today's world. The play was undoubtedly contemporary as shown by its many predominant features. This is an obvious observation due to the swearing, colloquialism and contemporary linguistics throughout. The use of visual aids were frequently in use, which consisted of lighting and sound, these played a huge factor in the success and outcome of the play, they did so by using the lighting as an emphasis on the emotion of the storyline, both intimate and intriguing moments, for example when Cameron was struck down the lighting was changed from and exciting purple (to convey an up-beat fight) then drastically to a blood red (in order to show defeat and violence). Furthermore, there were absolutely no set changes, instead they impressively did so by depending solemnly on lighting to change it, quite impressive form my point of view. Another inspiring attribute to the settings of the play was the use of screens which were placed behind the stage, they were very useful in transmitting messages concerning the storyline, sentiments and outlook of the characters. Also the stage was combined with a boxing ring, which made the scene more realistic and believable, it was placed in the centre of the theatre, with the audience surrounding the stage accept behind it, where the screens were located. The set was ever-changing, which gave an exuberant and dramatic effect, during emotional and key moments of the play the entire stage would spin round. There were very few props, however the ones that were present, gave the set a symbolic atmosphere and deepened the meaning of the play (e. g. the washing machine). The sound was also incredibly dependent on the emotion of each scene, it played a vital part on transmitting the adrenalin the boxers were feeling, the music was very loud with an engaging and overwhelming base, which gave the audience a lively and exciting rush. On the down side, from my point of view there were limited boxing sound effects, I personally thought they could have played on it and emphasized it, for example when one of the characters hit something or someone they could have added a sound to symbolize the action, such sounds that are stereotypically featured in action pictures, this effect would have transmitted more of an enthusiastic and stimulating experience on the audience's behalf. Both the style and the form of the play were superb. However I was led to believe that the production was going to be along the lines of Berkoff stylistics, physical theatre. It did although have sufficient amounts of physical theatre, although from my perspective if the play was to have used more of it, it would have improved it, one fine example were the training/dancing sequences, the dancing was absolutely in sync, well coordinated and both matched the theme and emotion of the play. Some of the Gestus were quite mediocre and repetitive, on the other hand some created a chilling atmosphere (e. g. at the end fight when Ajay and Cameron were fighting and using still image combined with Gestus in order to make the fight more intriguing). The utter most outstanding piece of acting style in my opinion was the exaggerated still image to which represented feeling and emotions of the characters. The acting style was a mix of naturalistic at times and physical theatre. In amongst all the physical fight scenes and energetic dance scenes, there were also deep and emotional scenes, for example when Carlotta came onto the stage at the end and dressed her disabled son, I believe it was a directors message, showing how dangerous boxing is as a sport and how detrimentally staining and permanent the outcome can be injury wise, this scene was utterly entrancing. I connected most to this scene as I felt immense sympathy and sadness during this particular moment, as did everyone in the theatre. Frantic Assembly pulled off an outstanding performance, however my personal conclusion is mutual, I neither enjoyed it immensely nor did I dislike it. My final conclusion and memories of this play was that I was thoroughly impressed by the occasional build up of tension, exaggerated still images, the lighting, the shadows which echoed throughout the entire theatre and moreover the music, which was both penetrating and perfectly suited for this type of production. This production allowed the audience to uniquely enter and understand the boxing world in more depth, by expressing and transmitting the emotion into the audience, it unexpectedly highlighted the fighter's feelings and thoughts towards boxing and not just the clichi spectator view and opinion.

Middle Managers

Managers are the most important human resource in any organisation because they are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that the organisational goals are achieved within the specific time through spending less financial resources. Both organisations and people need each other to further their different goals or objectives. Therefore if mutuality is missing, it makes no sense in trying to assemble a group and develop a cooperation because there is no common base on which to build. Therefore, for attainment of organisational effectiveness, human resource and especially the middle level managers is the most important asset that must be paid attention by the management.Management practices are employed by middle managers in order to enhance the effectiveness of any organization including learning institutions, and these management activities are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The middle managers through the planning function is responsible in coming with a schedu le of business activities that will result to attainment of the set goals. The middle managers outline what to be done and the expected output from the employees.The organizing function of any organization has to deal with the issue of allocating the tasks to the employees respectively according to their competence. Resistance by the workers may be experienced if the allocating process used is viewed to be inappropriate and oppressing which always leads to poor organization performance. So middle managers have to convince the employees that everything will be okay and there interests will be taken care of.The leading/directing function of any organization is faced with the tasks of demonstrating to employees how to do various activities and also involves the employment of charismatic leaders in form of middle managers who can influence the employees towards positive attitude of performing their work and also capture the attention of the top management. The Controlling management pra ctice by the middle managers is responsible for monitoring the results of any undertakings and thus can make any corrections or adjustments if need to do so arise. (Maund, 2001)There are three levels of management in any organisation. The first level is the top level managers who include the senior managers and the executive officers and they are responsible for formation of organisational goals and objectives and they play an important role in decision making process. The second level is that of middle level managers who are responsible for ensuring that all the functional strategies from various departments are workable and can be achieved with certainty.This level of management is the most critical one in that both the lower and top management attracts attention regarding to various activities within the firm.   For example, the top management may exert pressure on them to achieve better results while the lower management may want them to reduce their level of supervision withi n the workplace. The third level is that of operational management or lower level managers who ensures that organisational activities are undertaken to achieve the set objectives or goals. . (Dale, 2001)How Middle Managers can meet their demandsAccording to the latest research, reports suggests that middle level managers have a discrete and decisive function in all organisations   particularly in the learning institutions and they do not only act as a medium between the top managers and the subordinates. Middle managers in many learning institutions in an effort to be effective and efficient in the workplace have the responsibility of balancing the ever competing demands of their roles brought about by conflicts from both the top management and the subordinates or the low level management. In order to attain the above objective this middle level managers have embarked on various critical roles in order to avoid any misunderstandings in the workplace and thus achieve the desired ou tput. Such roles include the following: (Fiddler, and Atton, 1999)Middle managers in learning institutions act as change agents within these organisations. Globalization has taken the centre stage almost in all sectors of the economy including learning institutions. There is increased interaction of people from different cultures, societies, and various backgrounds in undertaking various business activities with the aim of achieving their goals for example opening learning branches in other countries. Because of invention of advanced technology the world has increasingly become a village and as a result global business is the modern form of business in this 21st centuryBecause of globalization in relation to learning institutions there have been great disregard to national borders, governments have lower hand in controlling the flow of their economies and large companies including learning institutions are now not restricted to only one particular country as it was before. Middle le vel managers in learning institution have to cope with changes brought about by this aspect of globalization and they should brief the top management on decision making process. They also have the task of ensuring that the teachers in this institution are equipped with skills, expertise, and knowledge that can tap new knowledge from other people from different countries without hindering the learning process.Middle managers have the duty of being a strategist in order to cope with the increasing demands from both the top management and the low level management. This implies that they have the tasks of ensuring that the strategies formulated by the organisation are implemented and executed in a good way that will lead to achievement of goals. They should therefore have the ability to interpret direction from the top managers in to functional departmental strategies and policies that will avoid any conflicts in the organisation and those plans must be viable and supportive for the mis sion of the organisation. (Baker, 1999)In order to enhance this responsibility the middle level mangers must pay much attention  Ã‚   to formulation of workable strategies. A strategy may be defined as the calculated means by which the enterprise deploys its resources to accomplish its purpose and basic objectives under the most advantageous circumstances. Therefore the middle level mangers have the task of ensuring that the organisation   for example learning institution must be overall low cost effective system which will ensure good returns for example high performance through use of competent teachers and using of advanced technologies. So the work of middle managers is to ensure sourcing of competent teachers and application of approved high quality technologies e.g. the use of white boards.Middle level managers must also act at ethicists in any organisation in order to balance the competing demands brought about by the interactions with both top and low level managers. Thi s role implies that the middle managers especially those from learning institutions should develop a system that will help them sustain pressure from both top managers and subordinates in the process of promoting moral conduct within the organisation   that will foster good results. For example teachers will be motivated to lecture/teach and students too will be motivated to work hard and achieve their results.   The other role middle managers have to embark on is the responsibility of being a team player in the organisation or in the workplace. (Klagge, 1998)This implies that the middle managers must show commitment and support cooperation among the top management, low level management or the subordinates and themselves. For these middle managers to maximize the concept of teamwork in the organisation then they should emphasize on formation of groups within the workplace.A group can be defined as social unit which people interacts face to face when working. If an organisation e mphasises group work then it is more likely that good results will be achieved. Sometimes some kind of work require teamwork participation in order to achieve goals, so managers should encourage group decisions too because they bound to succeed unlike individual decisions. With the concept of teamwork for example the subordinates will be motivated when they work together with the subordinates e.g. head teachers working together with teachers in trying to achieve good learning process.The other role that will help balance the competing demands in an organisation is that of being the mentor of employees especially the subordinates.   Leading by example for example engaging in groups with the subordinates and demonstrating what the subordinates are supposed to do. Also to get admiration from both the employees and the top management they should act as top manager’s advocate to subordinates as well as being subordinate supporter to top level managers.Another useful role that wi ll balance the competing demands is that of middle managers embracing the concept of being tacticians. This means that middle managers have to understand the organisational environment e.g. internal and external factors that may cause conflicts within the organisation. The main aspect of being tactician is that of middle managers encouraging collective decision making thus parties involved in carrying out duties will be motivated to work because they were part of the decisions arrived. (Fiddler, and Atton, 1999)Advice to Middle ManagersFor these level of managers to be effective and efficient in the organisation   and more so to be able to balance the competing demands they need to be committed in their roles and especially being change agents in the learning institutions. Proper communication is essential to any organisation or group effectiveness and learning institutions are not exceptional. Research indicates that poor communication is probably the most frequently cited source of interpersonal conflicts. It is only through transmitting meaning from one person to another that ideas and messages can be conveyed.Communication can play the following functions; controlling employee’s behaviour, motivating the workforce, provides a release for emotional expression of feelings and performs the role of facilitating decision making in organisation. Proper channels of communication should be put in place in learning institution and this will help the organisation to attain their set goals for example teachers reporting to their head teachers then the head teachers to senior managers then to the executive arm respectively if there have been a problem to be solved. (Edmondson, Bohmer and Pisano, 2001)Leadership is another concept that middle level managers should emphasize on. Without proper leadership, organisation’s effectiveness and efficiency cannot be achieved and bad leadership in an organisation may cause poor results and thus lack of attainment of objectives.   It should also be noted that not all managers are leaders and not all leaders are managers. Leaders can emerge from within a group as well as by formal appointments to lead a group. A good leadership style should be adopted in an organisation and especially in the learning institutions.This implies the way in which the functions of middle managers with particular regard to the concept of leadership are carried out. Styles like autocratic style of leadership should be discouraged as this does not give the opportunity subordinates in decision making and only top managers are responsible to do so. Learning institutions should prefer the use of democratic style of leadership whereby the focus of power is more with the group as a whole and not in the top managers and there is greater interaction in the group. The middle managers of learning institutions should practice laissez faire style of leadership in that the employees especially the subordinates are left to choo se groups for themselves and make their own decisions that will help them achieve the organisational goals. (Azzar, 2001)The middle managers’ impact on control mechanisms in any organization is great and immeasurable.   It is therefore important that managers look for convenient, cost-conscious and appreciated ways of control mechanisms in order to build a dynamic, committed and, a motivated workforce that will result in better productivity and profitability of the organization thus enhancing effectiveness and efficiency of the organizationConclusion:For middle level managers to meet the demands of top management as well as that of subordinates they should fully define their roles to avoid conflicts that may arise in the course of work. They should also use proper leadership and good communication skills in order to achieve the organisational effectiveness. Middle level managers has a greater need to understand organisational   behaviour in order to achieve the organisati onal   effectiveness and particularly in learning institutions and much attention should be directed to people, structure, technology and the environment.Organisational   effectiveness can only be achieved if the middle management is be able to incorporate good leadership, motivation, a well defined organisational   structure, forming group dynamics and setting up good structures for communicating in the workplace. The organisations should also be flexible in the sense that they should be ready to cope with change without affecting their productivity.References:Ardts, J. (2002): Developing people in line with corporate needs. Human Resource Management International.Azzar.J. (2001): The Heart of School Leadership-Educational LeadershipBaker, D. (1999): Strategic Human Resource Management-Performance, alignment, and management. Librarian Career Development.Bhindi, N. (2003): Practicing creative leadership- Pipedream or possibility? The Practicing AdministratorDale, M. (2001): Th e Art of HRD: Developing Management Skills  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   , Vol. 3, New DelhiCrest Publishing HouseEdmondson, A. Bohmer, R. and Pisano, G. (2001): Speeding up team learning. Harvard Business Review.Farson, R. and Keyes, R. (2002): The Failure-tolerant leader. The Innovative EnterpriseFiddler, B. and Atton, T. (1999): Dealing with poor performance and range of solutions in poor performing staff in schools and how to manage them. London and New York, RoutledgeKlagge, J. (1998): The Empowerment Squeeze-Views from the Middle Management Position. Journal of management development, 17(8)Maund, L. (2001): An Introduction to Human to Human Resource Management: Theoryand Practice: Macmillan, Palgrave

Plain packaging of cigarettes is a good policy and should be retained Essay

Plain packaging of cigarettes is a good policy and should be retained in Australia - Essay Example Proponents of the laws enactment argue that it will restrict the use of colors, brand imagery, logos, and promotional texts. Inclusions in the product create the effect of its appeal to consumers. The government uses the legislation to make the product less appealing especially to the young (Australian Government, Common Law 2011). As a result, plain cigarette packaging is an initiative to reduce cigarette consumption. The government expresses concerns of citizens health and discourages commodities, such as tobacco. Product homogeneity is very instrumental in standardizing competition. Tobacco manufacturers use packaging to differentiate their products and make it attractive than others. The government intends discourage unfair competition that might affect the performance of small industries. Plain cigarette packaging comes along with product homogeneity that standardizes commodities. When packaging of cigarettes appeal in the same way to consumers, they will not reestablish brand loyalty (Davey, 2014). Therefore, the legislation eliminates unfair competition caused by well-established industries to small ones. Consumers tend to buy a product not because they are in need of it, but the packaging persuades them to acquire. Consequently, packaging causes impulse buying as consumers purchase products without an active decision-making process. The legislation on plain cigarette packaging achieves to encourage cigarette consumers to go through a proper decision-making process before deciding to buy the product (Walsh et al., 2008). Plain packaging standardizes the product and makes it consumers buy it only to satisfy their needs must not because of its appeal. The government imposition of plain cigarette packaging undermines trademark law. It also breaches intellectual property rights as well as international trade arguments. Trademark serves the purpose of distinguishing

Avoiding Data Manipulation when Sampling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Avoiding Data Manipulation when Sampling - Essay Example One of the important features in avoiding data manipulation when sampling is to be aware of the imperfections in the survey. There are an infinite number of means by which sampling exhibits imperfect features, and indeed, the idea of a perfect sample is a misnomer. Edwards (2010) indicates that even the color of a survey can alter sampling response. There are a variety of specific means by which researchers and statisticians seek to avoid these data manipulations in sampling. An overarching approach is to ensure that the survey method is designed in as clear and unbiased as possible. In these regards, Edwards (2010, pg. 26-27) identifies a number of key features to avoid, â€Å"failure of the questionnaire...failure to recognize differences between various kinds and degrees of canvass and to fit the questions to the type of canvass...failure to define the universe with enough precision and to provide a satisfactory frame.† Adhering to these methods greatly aids the research av oid data manipulation. In addition to these areas that must be considered when constructing sampling data, there are features that must be considered to avoid sampling bias. As a means of avoiding data manipulation in sampling its generally recommended that researchers implement random sampling as an overarching model. A random sample consists of a random sampling of survey participants and can be conducted through a number of means. Among these involve a simple random sample, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling, with their distinguishing features based on the means by which they select the sample group (Thompson 2002). When examining sample data from the random sample its important to consider the possible statistical error that can be included, as such errors can be utilized in data manipulation when in actuality they are necessary elements of the research. In these regards, human failure must be avoided as

Political Double Lives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political Double Lives - Essay Example ugh the media was slow to react, the story became front-page news, occupying television and newspapers’ attentions for weeks until it slowly faded away (Harris). The case of Edwards’ mishap provides a paradigm case of the private life of a public figure being made public. In many ways, this case study is symptomatic of an entire piece of the population that hold public office. The question surrounds the issue of whether they should be allowed to have a private life or whether their private matters ought to be kept out of the limelight. Certainly, there is a case to be made for keeping politicians’ lives under constant scrutiny. Recently, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton came under fire for her husband’s presidential library acceptance of large donations from the royal family of Saudi Arabia (Solomon and Birnbaum). Concerned about a conflict of interest, media scrutiny resolved the issue and nothing wrong could be found. This is a paradigm case of private affairs being pertinent in a public matter for a politician. Nevertheless, we should not make politicians sacrifice themselves as human beings for the greater good of the public’s democracy. However, this debate does not require us to choose between extremes. As Tony Blair recently said, â€Å"Ministers should not be judged on their private lives unless their behavior affected the performance of their public duties† (Webster). That is, only in cases where there is a potential conflict of interests, such as in Clinton’s case, should politicians revoke the right to privacy. This dispute originates, for the most part, because of the democratic structure of most developed countries’ governments (BBC). Constituents expect of those they rightly elect to represent them to represent them in all ways, both in the policies they advocate for on the job and how they live their lives off the job. Given the enormous power the people vest in their elected officials, it seems only right, in the context of social

The Dangers of Cyber-Terrorism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Dangers of Cyber-Terrorism - Research Paper Example The face of international terrorism is beginning to change at a quick speed. Even though the motives keep on being the identical, United States is now confronted with cutting edge and unusual tools. The intelligence strategies, safety strategies, and devices which are designed to shield us, now are immobilized against this latest disastrous tactic, known as cyber terrorism. Moreover, the ways of counter terrorism that the world depends on have become fairly outdated since this opponent is not going to strike people with explosives, however, this enemy strikes with computer viruses and aims to interrupt our computer units which people have grown to be so reliant on. (Collin, 1997) Cyber strikes, system safety and data present complicated troubles that hit into new places for nationwide safety and public plan. This paper examines one list of concerns – those associated with cyber-terrorism and cyber offenses on crucial system and their ramifications for countrywide safety. Cyber-terrorism is â€Å"the consumption of computer system resources to turn off crucial national infrastructures (for example power, transport, federal government procedures) or even force or torment a government or civilian populace.† The idea of cyber terrorism tends to be that as countries and vital infrastructure grew to become more influenced by computer systems for their functioning, innovative vulnerabilities are built – â€Å"a substantial computerized Achilles heel.†

Home Depot VS Lowe's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Home Depot VS Lowe's - Essay Example Such conditions only intensify the inability of the customers to improve their homes by making purchases in Home Depot or Lowe’s. This is a big risk for both companies (Good fellow, 2013). However, in such a complicated time, Home Depot overcomes financial barriers, and if one compares the change in capitalization, then Home Depot will have more than seventy billion dollars, that is approximately thirty- five percent of the increase in selling. At the same time, Lowes states about thirty billion and fourteen percent of decrease of its selling availabilities. Moreover, the prices at Home Depots were lower, while at Lowe’s they stayed an edge. However, the online availabilities showed that a certain store had lower prices in one area or the item; the other store had the advantage. A price variation, at the same time, revealed great difference between the two retailers and here one could give the edge to Home Depot, especially when the current economic environment squeezed out profits. However, the higher margins give Home Depot possibility to pressure the returns of Lowe’s. Since the return on assets  is essential for discount retailers it is practically impossible to raise prices easily, asset turnover gives the possibility to enhance one’s profitability. ROA indicates how effective one can turn assets into benefit for further profit. While, one wants to see the ROA minimum of seven percent, the advantage here is for Home Depot. For the business the return on equity  measures the way the company is generating good returns of the shareholders’ money. Here again persistence is an important and any number over fifteen percent is determined as exceptional. Other words, the higher percent of persistence, the better the company develops. This is a considerable advantage for Home Depot (Stock, 2013). In addition, according to the Net Promoter Score, special measures that determine a

If saudi Arabia a person what it should be what would you like to Essay

If saudi Arabia a person what it should be what would you like to change in Saudi Arabia and why - Essay Example The person would be fond of eating and would be regular customer of world’s largest and most variant cuisines. The person would be particularly fond of dry fruits, specially dates. The person would always dress in the traditional white cloak and would preferably communicate with others in Arabic. One thing that I do not like about Saudi Arabia is the fact that the native people of Saudi Arabia show very little interest in learning a second language. A vast majority of the native people know no other language but Arabic. This makes it very difficult for the foreigners to communicate with them. Linguistic barriers are the biggest hindrance in the way of development of rapport between the native people of Saudi Arabia and the foreigners. It is very good and essential for a nation to give due importance to its own language, but government should take measures to make people learn at least one second language i.e. the international language like English so that they may also commun icate with the outer world.

Politics of US Environmental regulations on drilling, pipelines, Essay

Politics of US Environmental regulations on drilling, pipelines, refineries - Essay Example In the background part, the overview of the drilling process, oil drilling types, and key environmental considerations is given. It is followed by the analysis of the US oil reserves and resources, with regards to the variety of opinions about them (from optimistic to pessimistic). One of the central issues of the US drilling politics is the regulation of further offshore drilling. In this light, two alternative viewpoints are being examined: the first is â€Å"pro-drilling†, advocating the expansion of existing offshore drilling initiatives, based on such arguments as the state energy independence and job opportunities. The second is â€Å"pro-regulation†, critical about the progression of offshore drilling and about the impact of oil drilling in general, supported by environmental considerations and economic analysis. Key governmental documents are being examined in connection with these two tendencies. In this paper, we support the sustainable development view that e conomic and social needs should always be balanced with environmental considerations; that is why, little support is given to the dangerous industrial plans of oil explorations and development, but the existing objections are also being approached cautiously. Oil Drilling Process The Procedure of Oil Exploration and Development Oil resources are found in various environments. They are classified according to these environments into onshore and offshore crude oil resources. This distinction is politically significant, as offshore drilling accounts for most of the US oil recoveries: for instance, in 2009, IHS estimated that deepwater offshore oil discoveries were 6 times bigger (as measured by barrels) than the onshore discoveries (IHS, Role of Deepwater Production in Global Oil Supply). Exploration and development of the onshore crude oil is technically different from that of the offshore oil; hence, they will be described separately. It takes several stages for the oil resource (tha t is, â€Å"the total amount of oil in place, most of which can’t be recovered†) to become the oil reserve, or â€Å"the amount of oil that can be recovered economically with existing technology† (Rapier). Roughly sketched, these stages involve: Geologic and geophysical prospecting (the analysis of the potential place for well) Exploratory drilling (making drills, logging, and different analyses of the reservoir) (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 69-82) Primary drilling (usually commercially inefficient) (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 84) Secondary and tertiary, or enhanced, recovery (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 85). Later, the oil has to be separated from gas and water; it also has to undergo other preparatory procedures before being transported for commercial, communal, and industrial use. It is important that scientific exploration of the oil reservoirs also involves drilling; it continues 2 to 6 mont h and has the success rate (meaning the discovery of profitable reservoirs) of approximately 25% (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 76). This means that noise and damage to soil and local ecosystems on the stage of exploration affect 5 times more territory than that for later oil development. Offshore exploratory drilling also requires land use for meteorological and diving stations? (Centre for Economics and Management of IFP School 77). The very recovery of oil from the reservoir is possible due to the difference in pressures, as it is shown on the picture 1 (from Centre for

Modern Social Thought Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Modern Social Thought - Essay Example Nadia’s choice is in the best interest of her children but her decision is frowned upon by her own parents thus ostracizing her from her parents and relatives. Even though Aarif, Nadia’s husband, left her and her children homeless due to his drug habit, Nadia gets no sympathy from her relatives. Nadia is seemingly encountering social exclusion due to her going against the traditions of her Muslim upbringing even though it is for necessary purposes.   Nadia’s circumstances can be said to be a function of family dynamics, social dynamics, and cultural dynamics. All three of these aspects are unfortunately working against her in her attempt to raise and care for her children in the presence of a patriarchal upbringing and religion. When studying Nadia’s situation from a modern social theory, one can utilize Marxism as a guideline for better comprehension, â€Å"Karl Marx is a central figure in a broader theoretical fraction: modern social theory†(Antonia, 2003).   The first point which should be made concerning the facts surrounding Nadia’s life, is that each event and circumstance which has been described in the case study as taking place in Nadia’s life, is actually impacting her place in society as well as her personal feelings and her ability to cope and respond to stressors, â€Å"Social practices are not reflecting natural differences with these diacritical marks of gender. They are weaving a structure of symbol and interpretation around them and often vastly exaggerating or distorting them†(Connell, 1987). As a woman, Nadia is at a further disadvantage because of her patriarchal family.   Nadia is living in the Westernized country of the U.K. where among certain groups, arranged marriage is still the ‘norm’ (Giddens, 2006).

Tom Ford Essay Example for Free

Tom Ford Essay Tom Ford is an American Fashion designer, who is famous for turning around the Gucci fashion house. For the past 20 years, Tom Ford has been one of the most influential designers in the world. Tom was born in Austin, Texas but spent the majority of his childhood in Santa Fe, New Mexico. For Tom, nature was definitely on his side. He talks about being picky with what he wanted to wear, even at the age of 3 or 4, and was noticing small details on his shoes that he didn’t believe were right. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) At the age of 17 he moved to New York to pursue acting, he realized he didn’t like not being in control with regards to acting, and he went on to enroll in Architect at Parsons School of Design in New York and Paris. Tom has said that rather than focusing on the architectural model he was to build he was more concerned about what the figures in his model were wearing. He realized architecture was too serious a discipline for him and even went so far as to misrepresent himself to get his foot in the door of the fashion world. His career rose rapidly and at the age of 30 he became the Design Director for all of Gucci. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) He believes perfection is something you are born with, and that his creative drive is â€Å"obsessive†, that â€Å"perfectionism is almost an illness† for him. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) gucci raised from the dead In 1990, Gucci hired Tom as the Womenswear Designer, and at that stage the company was in such a bad shape. In 1992, he became Design Director, yet during 1993-1994 Gucci was almost bankrupt. They appeared to be stuck in organisational inertia. In 1994 he was appointed Creative Director of Gucci. The businessmen running the company at that time were focusing all their energy on how to break the company apart, and what to do with it. Tom had a moment when he was in complete creative control and what he thought was right for Gucci. He went on to design a collection that was unlike anything else Gucci had ever done. It was stated in his contract that he was not allowed to speak to the press, he was not allowed to publicly be the face of Gucci, and that he was not allowed to step out on the runway. Being the risk taker he is, he broke all those rules and is famous for his sending his collection down the runway, and at the end stepping out onto it. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2 011) His collection oozed sex, something that had gone missing during the 80’s. This could be attributed to the devastation of the financial industry or the fact that AIDS had also become widely exposed during the 80’s. It was looked upon as something dangerous and the lack of sensuality was reflected in all the arts during the 80’s. Looking back you can see a 70’s sensuality to his collection. Excitement over this collection ensued and 6 months later, clothes were in the stores, and he continued to have more hit collections. Sales took off, doubling and doubling. His aesthetic was so gorgeous, so sleek, so sexy, modern, romantic, everything about it I adore. As did many back then and today. Not only the fashion but he had the best taste in music and models. When discussing Tom Ford runway shows many recall the time of the infamous Kate Moss. He was also so good at setting a mood for his shows, so few shows these days have such an atmosphere. He was genius. And having Carine Roitfeld, previous editor-in-chief of Vogue Paris as his number one fan is just a testament to how perfect he is. He is credited for bringing back exuberance, happiness and joy. It was in a way his marketing tool, it was effective in that time as it was fresh. In 1999 Gucci became very successful. Discontinuous change had taken place, Tom Ford’s innovation was revolutionary, he had taken reign over Gucci, but he wasn’t stopping there. The Gucci group took their success and went on to purchase Yves Saint Laurent. He then started designing between Milan, for Gucci and Paris, for YSL, and was creating approximately 16 collections a year for both. In January 2000, following the acquisition of Yves Saint Laurent and YSL Beaute by the Gucci Group, Tom Ford assumed the position of Creative Director of Yves Saint Laurent Rive Gauche and YSL Beaute in addition to his then existing duties at Gucci. Tom worked with all creative teams at YSL to define the overall image and positioning of the YSL brand including all product categories and communication activities. (Tom Ford The Brand) He also served as Creative Director of Gucci Group. In July 2002 he was made Vice Chairman of the Management Board of Gucci Group. (Tom Ford The Brand) During Tom’s 10 years as Creative Director at Gucci and Gucci Group, sales increased from 230 million dollars in 1994 to almost 3 billion dollars in 2003, making Gucci one of the largest and most profitable luxury brands in the world. (Tom Ford The Brand) Inspiration So who or what inspires Tom Ford. He is inspired by a myriad of elements in his life, in particularly the friends that he thinks have great style; the women with jobs, kids and lives. Women with character, iconic women as seen in his first Tom Ford brand runway show: Beyonce, Lauren Hutton, Marisa Berenson. His life and his mood attributes much to his inspiration, how he’s feeling and how he reacts to culture. (Full Time Ford, 2011) SUCCESS After the success of Gucci and YSL, Tom found himself burning out. If he was awake, he was working and in April, he left the Gucci. Following his departure from The Gucci Group, he lost himself; he was no longer designing and hit a low. He was missed extremely by many Tom Ford fans as well as the fashion industry. Reflecting on his departure from Gucci, he mentions â€Å"nothing lasts†. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) After reinventing Gucci and YSL, Tom started the Tom Ford brand in 2005. Tom Ford is a passionate designer, and he transfers that passion into work, he is a very deep thinker. Most importantly he believes 90% of his success is due to his drive. (Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary, 2011) He will continue to design under the Tom Ford brand, one hopes for many years to come. Fashion is his business, it is an enhanced version of who he is. BIBLIOGRAPHY Full Time Ford. (2011, July 5). Retrieved August 6, 2012, from Tom Ford Does China: http://www.fulltimeford.com Tom Ford OWN Visionaires documentary. (2011, December 22). Retrieved August 6, 2012, from YouTube: http://youtu.be/NsmJ_l4jZFQ Tom Ford The Brand. (n.d.). Retrieved August 6, 2012, from Tom Ford: http://www.tomford.com/#/en/thebrand/tomford

Functional Behavioral Assessment Example

Functional Behavioral Assessment Example Functional Behavioral Assessment Mitchell Sample is a fifteen year old male student in the tenth grade at Anytown High School. He lives at home with his parents, Mary and Joseph Sample, three older siblings, all male. Mitchell was referred for a functional behavior assessment due to noncompliance with classroom rules and emotional outbursts he exhibits within the school setting. These outbursts have resulted in his periodic removal from the regular education classroom setting. His behavior and consequent removal from class is affecting his academic performance. He is failing all his classes with the exception of Art II and PE. Kerr maintains that a functional behavior analysis â€Å"contribute to more effective interventions.† For this reason an FBA is needed to determine the function of the behavior and how to establish a plan that will redirect the target behavior in to the proper direction. Background Information consisting of parent interviews and review of permanent records indicate that Mitchell was initially referred for special education and related services when he was eight years old due to low academics and behavioral concerns. He was found ineligible for services and has attended a general education classes ever since. He has remained in general education environment since the time. Mitchell has a history of struggling academically. He is demonstrating noncompliant behavior by not turning in assignments and ignoring teaching requests and commands. Recently, he has started exhibiting emotional outbursts which causes a removal from the regular education setting. These outbursts interfere with his education as well as the education of other students in the class. Description of Assessment Methods Direct Observations of performance for three hours across six settings which included World History class, English 10 class, Algebra 1 class, art class, lunch and hall pass time. Teacher Interviews utilizing a variation of the Functional Assessment Interview Form. Educational records review, including child teacher support team file. Functional Assessment Results Kerr and Nelson (2010) point out that â€Å"educators are required to conduct an FBA when persistent behavioral concerns exist (FBA is commonly a part of the pre-referral and referral activities, and IEP development, review, and revision for misbehaving students) they are also required by law to conduct it within 10 days of any singular offense by a student with a disability that is punishable by:removal to an Interim Alternative Educational Setting† (Kerr, 2010). A functional assessment of behaviors of concern was conducted for this report using indirect (interviews) and descriptive (structured observation) methods. A topographical definition of the behaviors of concern was developed from interviews and then the behaviors of concern were observed utilizing a momentary time sampling. The antecedents, functions and consequences were then analyzed for this report based on recommended research standards in order to develop a hypothesis for the reasons for the behavior. A-B-C CHART Antecedent Behavior Consequence World History: Demands placed on Mitchell in classroom. Mitchell talks and ignores teacher instructions. Teacher repeats instruction while asking Mitchell to comply with the request. Teacher initiates classroom transition. â€Å"Turn in your warm up and take out your study guide for review.† Mitchell says, â€Å"I don’t have my study guide† and then turns to talk to peer. Teacher asks Mitchell to stop talking, and then asks him specifically to turn in his warm up. Teacher gives copy of study guide to Mitchell, and tells him, â€Å"Fill this out as we review answers.† Mitchell tosses paper on desk, and says, â€Å"Yea, right. Doesn’t make any difference if I do it or not. Screw you.† Teacher ignored Mitchell’s comment and started review. Class begins study guide review activity. Mitchell talks to peer as teacher conducts lesson. Teacher requests Mitchell remain quiet while review is going on unless he is answering a question about the review. Teacher gives Mitchell choice of not talking during instruction or going to the hall. Mitchell chooses to go to the hall. Mitchell walks away from class and is written up for being in an unauthorized area. Art class: Mitchell is given clay to work with. Mitchell participates in activity without disrupting class. Mitchell has clay formed and stored for use for next class period. Algebra 1 class: Teacher asks class to get out their assignment to be checked. Mitchell is talking to peer and does not comply. Teacher ignores Mitchell’s talking and Mitchell does not work on his assignment. English 10: Mitchell is asked to remain silent and get his assignment out to pass in. Mitchell replied, â€Å"I don’t have the damn assignment.† . Mitchell is written up for insubordination and inappropriate use of language Description of Behavior (1) Emotional Outbursts: Data Collection: Data were collected in five minute time sample recordings using a partial interval recording. A positive interval of this behavior was recorded if the behavior occurred at any time during the five minute interval. Data are reported using percentage of positively scored intervals. Data Collection Outcome: This behavior was observed on two occasions once during English 10 and twice during World History. On the first occasion, the behavior occurred for 12 out of the 30 minute intervals. On the second occasion, the behavior occurred for 10 out of the 30 minutes intervals. (2) Noncompliant behavior Data Collection: Using the five minute time sample, this behavior occurred in three settings. On the first occasion the behavior occurred for 15 of the 30 minutes. On the second occasion, the behavior occurred during the entire 30 minutes. On the third occasion, the behavior occurred for 10 of 10 minutes. Antecedent Analysis In an antecedent analysis, one tries to identify the events, situations and circumstances that set the occasion for a higher likelihood of the behavior and those that set the occasion for a lower likelihood. Analysis of these variables allows a more specific intervention as well as identification of environmental mediators to more fully assess the maintaining variables (Scott, T., Anderson, C., Spaulding, S., 2008). Based on the functional assessment interviews and structured observations, the emotional outbursts behavior can occur during any instructional class period (Scott, T., Anderson, C., Spaulding, S., 2008). It is reported that this behavior usually occurs when the teacher makes a request for Mitchell follow class procedures or produce classwork. During the structured observations, Mitchell exhibited this behavior during English 10 instruction after the teachers request for the assignment was made. During World History, Mitchell did not have his homework and continued to ta lk even when the teacher specifically requested he remain quiet during instructional time. Function of the Behaviors The functions of these behaviors produce attention, escaping the assigned task, and being removed from the classroom. In Mitchell’s situation, the function of his behavior appears to be avoiding academic classwork. References Kerr, M., Nelson, C. M. (2010). Strategies for addressing behavior problems in the classroom  (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Scott, T., Anderson, C., Spaulding, S. (2008). Strategies for developing and carrying out  functional assessment and behavior intervention plans. Preventing School Failure, 52(3),  39–50. Retrieved from the Walden Library using the Education Research Complete  database: http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ehhAN=32013629site=ehost-livescope=site

Legalization of Assault Rifles Debate: Personal Opinion

Legalization of Assault Rifles Debate: Personal Opinion Nathan Eakin When faced with a situation that puts harm into the family’s life, anyone would like reliable weapon to protect them. Assault rifles are an accurate weapon and that’s why a lot of gun enthusiast collect them and build them. Coming from the standpoint of an enthusiast, a lot of people rarely get out and shoot all their guns that they have. Now the only thing everybody hears is people talking negatively about them, and about how dangerous they are. If the government banned the semi-auto assault rifle it would cause a huge wave of a black markets and a lot of fighting if they tried to come abolish already owned weapons. But still they are trying to change the Second amendment even though it declares the right to bear arms which then can be extended to semi-auto weapons that are now getting debated on the legalization (Acosta, Luis). The modern assault rifle was made back at the end of World War 2 and Vietnam. There have been several different types of assault weapons made. Back in 1963 the first AR like guns were sold to the public. There are several different types of assault weapons made. And most of these are available to the public. The M16 and M1A1 were the first modern assault rifles. They were used in the military through Vietnam. Now mainly all for sale is the AR15. The AR15 uses .223 rounds and some can shoot the 5.56 (†The Truth About Assault Weapons†). These are the main weapons that are being debated on. A lot of people don’t actually know what assault weapons are. Now there are so many types of old military weapons that are open to the public. There are lots of types of semi-auto weapons for sale. These weapons you can pretty much go anywhere and buy them. You also can obtain full automatic weapons through a long process of back ground checks and fingerprints. All of these assault weapons are getting debated now. This whole debate isn’t just on one gun either. It’s on several different weapons, magazines, ammunition amounts. They disagree on a lot of these things. The NRA is a huge group that is against the banning of all these weapons. They have several different classes you can take for safety, basics, and all hunting tutorials. The NRA is a huge group with thousands of members that all are gun enthusiasts that know all about the real use for weapons. They are a great organization to talk to about some of the information and the sides to this debate (James A. Peden and Mark Yaworski). The banning of assault rifles would cause a huge fight in the United States. Most of the people that use the assault rifle are professionals that use them for a lot of competitions. A lot of people are against it just because they have large magazines and they can be shot in a very fast manner. They think they are some kind of killing machine, even though it’s not guns that kill people, people kill people. Even though 69% of murders used with firearms are with pistols and shotguns not assault rifles. This shows that assault weapons aren’t the most dangerous thing out there. Even though all the professionals have been shooting for several years, and more than likely have their conceal carry permit and have went through so many different types of classes of safety people still worry about them. There is a lot of time and dedication to obtain this permit. First you have to get a back ground check, and then you have to get a fingerprinted. Last you have to get approved by t he sheriff’s office. There are a lot of classes a lot of them take for safety and practice. This helps the person with their overall shooting ability. They all have been trained in great manners and banning this gun could hurt the professional’s careers. A lot of people use these weapons to protect them. Assault rifles are an overall great gun to use for protection around the home. They are an accurate weapon, if you need to shoot several times you can. Everybody knows the look of these guns, and the crook or robber probably would immediately run as soon as he saw it in your hands. He would more than completely second guess trying something that could possibly hurt you. It’s a great weapon to teach your kids how to shoot and how to safely operate a weapon. It’s not a terribly loud gun and it doesn’t kick much, and it’s just a .223 which is very small rifle round. They guns are very accurate up to long ranges and can be an accurate weapon at short and close shots to. The way these guns are made is to shoot several rounds at a fast past and to be able to keep the gun in the same spot. These weapons are what most of the military personal use. That kind of shows how amazing these guns are. In the long run they are a great weapon to have around the house and a great weapon to protect your family with. Even people that are doing research on this exact topic find that 69% of firearm murders happen with pistols and hunting weapons like shotguns. Pistols are such a small weapon but can sure pack a punch. They can be easily hidden anywhere, some are decently accurate depending on the shooter, and you still have 14 rounds in most magazines. And most of people against this topic always bring up the magazine capacity, even though some are 10 and some are 30. But still assault rifles aren’t too much more powerful at the same range as pistols. Assault rifles are great at long distances but still a pistol you can put in your pocket and have 15 rounds ready to go. With an assault rifle they would see you carrying a big gun into wherever you are and everybody would freak out. Assault rifles aren’t made for close range especially if you have a zoomed optic so it’s pointless to use one close. All these points really show that assault rifles aren’t meant to hurt people . They are used for long range target practice, coyote hunting, etc. Despite all the information on my side, most of the other people on the other side think about how dangerous the weapons are to them and everyone around them. They think that since they can carry several rounds and they can be shot at high rates of fire they are bad weapons for people to have. Even though you have to go through a lot of papers, back ground checks, fingerprints, etc. Some people just don’t trust other people which is understandable, but it’s not fair for most of the people that just want to shoot and hunt with. People now have to go through all these processes to just get a gun. Even some weapons that are classified in class A and B you have to go through longer processes that can take several months just to get the weapon you want. To conclude this paper, the decision they should make is assault rifles shouldn’t be debate or banned in any form. I can understand regulating the magazine size and categorize it as a class 2 type of material. From all the details and research that has been done it’s safe to say that assault rifles aren’t the most dangerous think out there. Pistols and hunting weapons still come in with the higher percentages. Not only are assault rifles very high in price, mainly gun enthusiasts are the only ones interested in these weapons. In the end it would cause several different problems for all of America. It could cause some people to attack back against the law ans government. It could cause a huge black market of assault weapons which can make everything a lot harder for people to solve murders because the gun wouldn’t be registered to anyone. All these reasons show that banning assault weapons wouldn’t be the best idea. Works Cited Acosta, Luis. United States: Gun Ownership and the Supreme Court. Second Amendment. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://www.loc.gov/law/help/second-amendment.php Everything You Need to Know about the Assault Weapons Ban, in One Post. Washington Post. The Washington Post, n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2012/12/17/everything-you-need-to-know-about-banning-assault-weapons-in-one-post/ GUN CONTROL and THE SECOND AMENDMENT. GUN CONTROL and THE SECOND AMENDMENT. Tntech, n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2014.http://iweb.tntech.edu/kosburn/history-201/second-amendment.htm James A. Peden and Mark Yaworski. And, You Can Join the NRA Right Now..click Here. National Rifle Association Information Page. Vermont Friends of the NRA, n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2014. http://www.middlebury.net/nra/ Mathews, Jake. For Lives and Liberty: Banning Assault Weapons in America. The Institute of Politics at Harvard University. N.p., n.d. http://www.iop.harvard.edu/lives-and-liberty-banning-assault-weapons-america Sherfinski, David. Six in 10 Favor Ban on Semi-automatic Weapons: Poll. Washington Times. The Washington Times, n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/jan/2/poll-6-10-favor-ban-semi-automatic-weapons/ The Truth About Assault Weapons. The Truth About Assault Weapons. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Sept. 2014. . United States Senator Dianne Feinstein. Assault Weapons Ban Summary. Senator Dianne Feinstein, n.d. Web. 17 Sept. 2014. http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/assault-weapons-ban-summary

Children And Television Essay -- essays research papers

Children are vulnerable and easily swayed by everything around them. Parents try to do everything in their power to protect their children from unhealthy environments. They child-proof everything, but they don’t realize that thousands of strangers enter the home everyday...through the television. Television is in 98% of North American homes and the average Canadian child watches four hours of television every day. Most parents do not realize that their children are watching violence-ridden television programs and that by the age of 18 the average North American child will have viewed over 200,000 acts of television violence. Children should not be allowed to watch violent television programs because children are easily desensitized to violence, they are unable to distinguish reality and fantasy and they copy what they see on television. Children are very impressionable and are easily desensitized to the violence they see on television. Research has shown that young children are aroused by aggressive scenes on television and show higher levels of emotion when watching aggressive programs than when watching passive programs. The arousal diminishes with repeated exposure to television and the violence no longer affects children. When people are no longer aroused by violence they become less responsive to human suffering and may not be as quick to help or may not intervene during an emergency. When there is a problem, arousal levels are high and quick action is taken but when arousal levels do no increase then people are not as concerned about the problem and may not jump in to solve it. Because society is becoming more aggressive, there will be more violent sociatal situations and if people do not take swift action and help because they are desenstiaed to the violence, many lives could be lost. Young children have trouble distinguishing between reality and fantasy. They cannot make objective evaluations, cannot form logical conclusions and cannot sort out relevant data about the things they see on television. They don’t understand the difference between what is possible and what is actually probable. If a young child see someone on TV jumping off a mountain and landing on their feet, they believe that it is real becausw they saw it happen with their own eyes and do not have the capacity to believe otherwise. Children do not develop the capacity to dis... ...eir children are watching in addition to the type of programs. In the formative years, they should also explain to their children the difference between "pretend" and "reality." For example, if the child sees someone getting shot on a TV program, the parent should point out that these are just actors pretending to get shot with a pretend gun. Frank discussions about the repercussions of real violence should also be discussed, with the focus on "right" and "wrong" behavior. This will help develop a sense of morality within the child which will allow him or her to make more informed decisions. The hue and cry about reducing the amount of violence on TV has had little affect on programmers or producers. The best defense parents can mount against the cumulative affects of television violence is to clearly explain to their children what is acceptable behavior. If parents explain their expectations to their children, they will be better able to f ormulate their own opinion regarding violence within a strong moral framework rather than within a blurred and confused sense of television reality which glorifies violence and makes is seen acceptable.

Importance of Knowing Other Cultures :: Cross-cultural Experiences

Question Answered: Present the ways in which cross-cultural experiences strengthen a continuous development of the world environment. Cross-cultural experiences can be numerous things. It could be as simple as having a potluck, joining a book club, or participating in a forum. Cross-cultural experiences can also be moving to or visiting a different neighborhood, city, state, or country. All of these activities involve an exchange of ideas about people's identities. Let us suppose an American boy, who I will refer to as "person A" for the purposes of this paper, visits his Japanese friend, "person B.," In their everyday interactions, they talk about their families, ancestors, history, favorite food, hobbies, etc. Person A, consciously or not, gives knowledge of the reality of his culture. As in any other initial exposure to something foreign, person B enters into this experience with some preconceived notions. As he listens to and observes person A, he comes to understand an identity - particularly, that of person A. Consequently, person B gains knowledge, and uses it to resolve his stereotypes and rightfully adjust his opinions. A more significant consequence of this particular cross-cultural experience is what results in person B. In such an exchange two things come to effect. One, person B becomes compelled to teach person A about his own culture. His appreciation for his new knowledge, as well as his own desire to rid others of misconception s about his culture drives him to share his identity with those around him, starting with his friend. Eventually, the knowledge spreads; and so does the drive to educate. Two, this exchange allows person B to exercise the important virtue of having an open mind. He becomes open to experience different cultures because of a resulting desire to understand the diverse world. In turn, the world environment continues to develop because, not only are there more people who are willing to educate, more people are willing to learn with an open mind. The evolution of the globalized societal landscape is directly connected to the occurrence of cross-cultural experiences. This is because, with more understanding about the world cultures, we can continue to evolve as a unified group of individuals. The world environment is defined by how we interact with each other. It involves relationships as inclusive as a country's interaction with another country or as intimate as someone's friendship with his roommate.

Business continuity and disaster recovery Essay

The mission-critical business systems and services that must be protected by this DRP are as follows: Payroll, Human Resource Data, POS backup media, and Web Servers and their services. b. Internal, External, and Environmental Risks b. i. Examples of internal risks that may affect business are unauthorized access by individuals who are employed by the company, and those who aren’t employed by the company but still have access to individual store’s computer systems, applications, or areas where the servers and backup media are located. Other external and environmental risks include fire, floods, power outages, hardware failure, software glitches and failure, storms, and other acts of nature. II. Disaster Recovery Strategy a. Most cases, having an alternative site (a hot site, or cold site depending on the disaster) would be the correct way of dealing with most disasters. As well as having a backup and retention site to work from, and recover from for the main servers and web services. b. Unwanted access can be turned off, or excluded when logged in via a monitoring service, as well as time restricted login. Any unauthorized logins will be recorded and terminated as well as site information and tracing information. Security measures are implied (camera, onsite security, etc. ). III. Disaster Test Plan a. Monthly walkthroughs of the equipment, as well as quality assurance through the electric company, Internet Service providers, will ensure upkeep of the facilities main sources of outside connection as well as power. Weekly walkthroughs from management will keep the records up to date, as well as daily walkthroughs by IT will keep day to day evaluations up to date. b. Working with the electric company, as well as the internet service provider for the company will ensure that during a â€Å"Blackout† that services will be restored or alternative accommodations are made. Such as Internet Service Provider at the main location has been lost, the backup â€Å"hot† site is then initiated and work to restore the main site is commenced as well as recorded. If the hot site is compromised as well, the cold site and/or the backup media site will then come into play. This goes for in an event where power is lost, or a natural disaster happens at the main location, the services then begin on alternative sites where backup has been made, or at least working services implemented. c. Unwanted access will again be monitored and recorded, as well as terminated upon login. d. During a full interruption of service, where the site as well as backup media, hot site, and cold site are not accessible, emergency protocol is implemented to recover main site as soon as possible with minimal loss. In worst case scenario, the hot site will become the main site until main site become available again.

Improvement of the Road Safety

A machine accident is collapse of a list of chores on the bridle-path. railway car accidents can happen to number one woods anytime, anywhere, and even with those who argon c beful. This essay will deal with the road caoutchouc problem. I will treat about of import causes of the car accidents, and possible solutions for this problem. Now lets style at the problem more closely. to each one year the number of car accidents increase, callable to increasing the number of cars on the road. Preston, 2007) The main causes of the car accidents are driver distractions, boozy drivers, driver fatigue, using cellular phones eon driving, speeding, aggressive driving, mechanical failure, road conditions and weather. (Morris, n/d) (Unknown 1, 2005)Usually the most affected in car accident is driver, but passengers and pedestrians also are affected by the road accident. Brown, 2007) In general, about 1. 2 million masses die due to car accidents each year nationwide andOne of the possi ble solutions of this problem could be car safety, which include alert and passive safety. Active safety style that this system helps driver to avoid an accident. peaceful safety serves to save alive for driver, passengers in case of accident. Unknown 2, n/d) now some of the active and passive safety features already installed in majority of cars for poser such systems as Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) which helps to dismiss car more effective and electronic Stability Control (ESC) which stabilize a car on the road by correcting oversteering or understeering, improving traction on slippery or icy roads. (Unknown 2, n/d) There are such systems as proximity monitors which shows how close is your car to the vehicle ahead and drifting monitors which alert driver when car drifts.

Analyse and Evaluate the significance of Fiscal Policy rules Essay

L1. monetary policies are where the government use up changes in the base tramp of interest to influence the rate of emersion of aggregate demand, the money supply and last price pompousness.In the short run stintingal growth is an sum up in real GDP, In the considerable run economical growth is an increase in productive capacity (the maximum fruit an parsimony support produce) economic Stability the escape of volatility in economic growth rank, ostentatiousness, booking and unemployment and exchange rates.International Competitiveness The ability of an economys firms to compete in multinational markets and, on that pointby, moderate increases in national output and income.L2. monetary policies nates be used to incite economic growth, Economic (this stability inhibits uncertainty, farms business, consumer confidence and investment) and International Competitiveness. This readys an ? in AD, which throne be good enough for an economy. For suit if a go verning body ? interest rates, people pass on prolong an ? in disposable income, be gain payments on credit broadsides will ?, mortgage payments will ? and it is not worth frugality due to the reduced rate of interest, meaning they befool more to spend on goods and services, thus AD ?.L3. Monetary policies can promote economic growth and stability and international competitiveness as changes in the interest rate moves Domestic Demand (Consumer Expenditure, investing and Government Spending) and National Demand (Net Exports) via Exchange evaluate as when the interest rate ? so the does the golds strength. So if the rate of interest increases, so does the strength of the pound, meaning that there is an ? in international competitiveness as more economies want to leveraging our currency. This causes an ? in AD cause the AD crimp to shift to the right, from AD1 to AD2. Causing and ? in employment, ? production and ?economic growth, ?international competitiveness and ?interna tional competitivenessIf economic growth generates too rapid it can in like manner be dampened nby an ? in interest rates causing AD to ? due to the fact that their credit card charges and mortgages have ? and it has become more worthwhile to cover money in the bank and reap the rewards from a higher interest rate rather than spend. So peoples disposable income ?.Monetary indemnity can promote economic growth and stability because of the Monetary insurance Transmission mechanism the way in which Monetary Policy locomotes inflation rates through the strike it has on other macroeconomic variables.It is said that blue and stable rates of inflation provide the manakin for economic stability as inflation reduces the buy power of money. When the government uses monetary insurance to reduce the rate of inflation inflation targeting) they can dismiss economic stability from becoming unstable as when inflation occurs, and usually wage growth ? there is a danger that inflation will become out of control so much so that producers and consumers are no longer able to use the signalling function so it can become build what goods and services consumers most want. Inflation targeting makes the consumers and investors more assailable about the future and so they accredit what to reckon so they can plan ahead. This can cause an ? in C and I and therefore and ? in AD (shifting the AD curve to the right). The fact that inflation targeting is flexible federal agency it meets the policy target.The government can use Monetary to policy to ? the supply of money, so banks have more money to lend, so it is easier for consumers to need loans so there disposable income ?, this can cause and ? in Consumer Expectations and vestments, causing an ? in AD, ?production, ?international competitiveness, ?employment, ? economic stability and ?economic growthL4. HOWEVER whether the Monetary policy is affective depends on many factors, for subject it depends on how big the increase or simplification in interest rate is, a depleted change could make precise or no difference for example if income interest is reduced by 0.00000000000000000000001% then people are unlikely to pop out spending more and it will have little or no effect on AD. It too depends on when interest rates are changed as to what else is going on in the economy at that snip, for example if there is a fiscal policy causing income tax to ? at the same time as a ?in interest rates the affects of the Monetary Policy may be turned out by the fiscal policy.It depends on fundamental Bank bringing creditability to the target as the central bank has to build up a spirit for meeting targets. This can lead to low economic growth being traded off for low inflation in the short run, but not the long run, which is what is needed for an economies economic growth to be sustainableThe telephone exchange bank must be good at count oning inflation, as the Monetary Policy works with time lags, there c an sometimes be a two year thwart So the Central bank will have to set today the interest rate to affect the rate of inflation it expects in two days time For example Inflation targeting has to be maneuver by forecasts of inflation and all macroeconomic variables that affect inflation.It also costs a great batch to employ people who have the ability to forecast inflation well which could cost a potful to employ someone capable of doing this, this means that it ? costs, which means the possibility of an opportunity cost involved as that money could have been spent on something else for example new hospitals.There can also always be unforeseen circumstances such as unexpected recessions and natural disasters such as the tsunami, this affects the Central Banks ability to deliver economic stability and economic growth as they do not know if they may need to be doing other policies to jockstrap these unexpected situations, as they may only be able to do so when the economies condi tions are stable.To think Monetary rules and Fiscal Policy targets and constraints can promote Economic Growth, Economic Stability and International Competitiveness, barely there are many factors to take into peak when doing so.

Bounded Rationality in Education

I am exalt c pull a office of life to by the cognitive unwaveringus and the bump keep of the ending- fashioning plot of land cultivation this track. Having been employed in the pecuniary constancy for years, I am pro orderly aw be of the accompaniment that ab break by means of and through man-to-man adornors race to finish those delimited wiseities for feature of speech films of ending- qualification season reservation enthronization, save I keistert remember out the come back for their posterior.After encyclopaedism this division, how eer, I sapidity curtly enlightened. The phenomenon that has daunted me so persistent is driftd beneath the mold of the cognitive twist and feeling which give postulate the s contemplate of infection fantasy and psyche do to the coronation funds aimive lens. In Hesperian countries, to the in luxuriously spiritsest degree families conf intention enthronization funds primarily in prevalent m iodintary as rafts including focus, bond, material country and insurance insurance and move over hefty fuckeness of the endangerment averse(predicate) in preceding(prenominal) works.Mean objet dart, in that locationre virtu every last(predicate)y(prenominal) organizations and books compressedly the end- reservation that be doctorred to by the whole many-nigh angiotensin converting enzyme investor. In Chinese families, in plus to the to a melloweder train investiture of the m bingletary assets, the enthronisation of the family pedagogy, as a additional act which acquires each(prenominal) Chinese passel, nurses a macroscopic proportion. This is because a semipermanent sustenance is do by pargonnts ever since their kids be natural as a military shorten of the non-free phylogenesis in importantland China. neer let children lose at the start attract and program line is the bountifulst investiture ar cardinal favorit e discipline ideas in our country, which broadly tone up the flow berth of Chinese families enthronization to the children pedagogics. As pargonnts edit the full(a) earning into their kids, a trade penny-pinching rejoinder is sure comme il faut expect. that since income is companied with attempt, Chinese breeding investiture, in that locationfore, beprospicients to the fortune enthronisation and, mean era, has the branchicular constitutionistic that is non cover in westerly supposition.The invest intention in this es secern is primarily round the tuition humankindkind in China, I hypothesize its as well requirement to employ the supposition of this course to suspending the beguile of the cognitive curve as puff up as the kind immobilize and the un campaign in the rearing investiture. By introducing the lookal motivating of the nurture investors, I rec altogether to ensure its signifier and bene buy the farm intellection of the infatuated bit bearing, which, I imagine, volition encour dateer defend the elicit of the family investor. FindingThe mis winning of the family instruction put funds in China is generated primarily because investors, i. e. p arnts, trace up unreasoning enthronization without sen eonnt nigh their stinting look intos, the investiture hold ink as vigorous as the single(a)ise maturement of their children. In tralatitious Chinese gardening, p atomic number 18nts report investing to their children is categoric and selfless(prenominal), which chip in to a escape of scientific and sane training as surface as ratiocination in the teaching system enthronement funds funds in umteenwhat(prenominal) families and, mean plot of ground, cause approximately misinterprets.The succeeding(a) finessely phenomenon of strictly act mellowed gear and oversea culture is bonny to a greater extent and any(prenominal)(prenominal) violent. Con sidering the cognitive deviate of investors, the precept enthronement with high scene and stimulant drug, alternatively of bringing expect collapse to the family members, offers to unornamented economic perfume and, at the aforementioned(prenominal) time, office forge the snap offment of the school-age childs rush in the approaching.As anxiety has been pay to the times of the mis down the stairs remain firming of the schooltimeing investiture funds fashion, galore(postnominal) scholars discombobulate compendium in hurt of the politics policies, the kind purlieu, the high instruction and precedent(a) macro suck. by instruction the course, I, on the hurler(a) hand, would ilk to separate that the pedagogics investiture is mainly from the cognitive curve spot investors stimulate their last. The cognitive twist includes whole kinds of finis- fashioning submit caused by the restraint of investors cognitive mental scholarship and out side(a) surroundings.The cognitive warp of the finality-making of the family teaching coronation is generated low the define of the impertinent environment and socio-cultural basis with the asymmetric randomness as sanitary as the cognitive take aim and ad hominem orientation course of investors, which causes the disceptation on Heuristic. Bazerman argued that the misapplication of trial-and-error programs to wrong situations dealers mickle astray. Its taskatic to maneuver the particular(prenominal) stimulant drug and fade of the family raising coronation funds in a duodecimal way, leave behinding in the ambiguity of the sagaciousness of the authorise of the details of life investiture.As therere a king-size rate of vari opens of the non-monetary cost- abide by in the procreation investiture, our inclination has to be espouse to pronounce the cognitive part organization 1. come up disdain the variety in the enthronement object among the beat forwardsment and the conventional enthronement, the demeanour of the pedagogy coronation funds of a family which is as a little investor, is issuing to the put on the line of the anticipate return of the enthronisation, the fortune as thoroughlyspring as the cultivate of separate check parts, which has ballparkplace character with the investiture doings in the last-making.The scientific discipline of carriage and ending-making, as a course amid the marginality of the psychological science and the economics, tries to involve the demeanour of the non discerning coordination compound investors into the considerably-worn guess of the conclusiveness-making by making amendment to the confidence of the traditional commission surmisal concord to the inquiry relegateings in the psychological science. In our disregardvass, we take c argon the closing-making theory set much than strain on packs move saneness.It explains the investor behavior and get ins it to a greater extent close to reality found on the theories of the cognitive psychological science and the behavioural science as closely as cerebrate principles of the economics. below the book of facts of dubiousness, some cognitive factors give twist nation to overhear their purpose. The intimately common way is to withdraw conclusiveness by adopting the inductance method by investors. Its non indulgent to carry a thinking(prenominal) enthronization tour set or so the endangerment mainly because it lowlifet rescind the heuristic bend in the decision of the family fosterage investment.The fix of the deduction by exemplar of the procreation investment income and the representativeness heuristic. Family investors ordinarily apprehension overly much nearly the prominent, ad hoc and character culture tour neglecting the abstract and labyrinthian data. Therefore, parents very much take emblematic case s acquire through media as the keister and graphic symbol for the decision-making, which dexterity be lickd by the representativeness heuristic persuade.For example, some families do their children study afield considering the prospering cases they know, though foreign study big businessman non run them at all. It is believed that quite a little brush aside find beaten(prenominal) modes to view as fancy by presume that the retainer in the approaching is athe handles of to that in the agone without cerebration closely the reason of how those modes come up or the repetition hazard of those modes. closes and brains exculpate beneath the condition of unsettledty are non rightly careful and sessvass by victimization the luck theory in the precondition of the sharp routine humanity.It is unwaveringly win over by investors with representativeness twine in the business grocery store that a unp stupefyful fraternity enkindle for legitima te assume superb crinkle, in addition some parents lead believe that a neat school buns boost high-priced students, which naturally embodies the representativeness yield. The restriction of hard-hitting tuition by investors and the accessibility heuristic. Regarding the approach cleverness heuristic, some battalion deal that it is generated delinquent to the raise computer storage and bet decide, that is to say, non all selective entropy impart be counted un prejudiceedly season cogitate reading is searched in storehouse.Decision performrs of families incline to use info that is healthful to access, so the restriction in prying tuition is inevitable since spate lowlifet extradite a comprehensive training some the nonrecreational grapheme of commandment bearrs, the call for for the facts of life products in next day grocery store as comfortably as the state of educatees intention and intelligence. We faecal matter say t hat the marks of the reading insufficiency and unbalance very stand out.Besides, theres a evident dissymmetry in the cost and benefit of the nurture investment caused by the hysteretic character of the decision-making potential of the nurture investment. The decision-making of the nurture investment, modulateed ground on the future scene, is a unverifiable judge measure by mint. instruction that is searched from memory in the maiden place go away move the major creative activity for populate to discover shrewdness and decision as this tuition has profit in the foreplay absolute frequency, gall and vitality.For example, high statement instrument high income. examine at college is, on a whole, positively correlate to the income obtained by children in the future. Parents dispose to analyze their children with the collection of the homogeneous age in the positionion aim, unremarkably with those brotherly ones much(prenominal) as relatives, c olleagues or those describe in intelligence activity media. Compared with the veil and windy weighing and divination as advantageously(p) as the omnibearing friendship search that run out time and energy, mickle would quite weft common annex object as the decision foundation.Though it toilette modify the overhaul of decision-making and bowdlerise its concentratedy, the approachability teaching has reinforced one-sidedness and mold clear be feeln in the behavior that the decision-makers part the data itself. We drop see from the supra that the availableness deflect is a backbone factor non to be omit in the misunderstand of the family conveying investment. The agonistic psychological science and pillaring burden of the command investment.We oft develop estimates by offset with an sign prime that is establish on whatsoever information is exitd and queue up from the headstone to give in a closing serve up (Epley, 2004 Epley & Gilo vich, 2001). Mussweiler and Strack (1999) showed that the existence of an anchor leads people to mobilize of information that is tenacious with that anchor. The emulation in the program line investment shows parents expectation for their children opus the rivalrous psychological science sewer forge decision-makers regular investment behavior owing to the prejudicious onus caused by the anchoring marrow.Decision-makers, for insufficiency of the vicenary summary, ordinarily refer to the obscure refer foundation obtained from former go through and make equivalence as fountainhead as judgment of the input and income from one or several(prenominal) stopovers of view, which volition bring into existence the attain point in the decision-making of the gentility investment. The competitive psychological science is needful for the achievement of higher(prenominal) value in ones life.Many families, however, ignoring the particular experimental condition of educat ees, take the instruction investment as an wild comparison caused by the anchoring effect which forms the investors to rationally put the anchored object. The family decision-makers allow for go down the investment committee and level harmonise to the anchored impression emergence by choosing away address objects which fend off their convening decision-making. Therefore, an nonsensical cobblers last is generated. The turn produced by the upbringing investment object preserve take knead the decision of the investee.That is to say, the cognitive solidus of the decision of obtaining employ appears among downs, which whence lead to the take of the schooling investment that is less than the expected return. Firstly, We female genital organ see the jump intellect of the graduate affair from their cocksureness. The overconfidence power be the roughly permanent psychological feature of human being since it is indicated in many evidences that people fly the coop to be positivist for the esteem of the occurrence opportunity of uncertain tied(p)ts firearm making decision.Thus bolstered by the approachability of confirmatory evidence, we overestimated the verity of our science and the right of our dubitable hypotheses (Koriat, Lichtenstein, & Fischhoff,1980) This feature, however, place lead to an overappraisal of their acquaintance and ability, an underestimation of the quick risk as well as the parody of their maneuver ability of events and, whats worse, the decision bias. Besides, the Sheep-Flock government issue that are establish on information, repute and rejoin croup be found among graduates as a result of the lot mentality, which cogency crop graduates decision-making of obtaining mesh as well.Second is the temperance bias. The hypothetic bullheadedness heart the hold up of emotion. Without the abstemiousness, no rational decision butt joint be make and, meanwhile, individuals scarper to impute c onquest to themselves while ill to others or documentary conditions. In obtaining employment, the hardship is comm only attributed to non-self factors much(prenominal) as the recruitment indemnity of trys or the stronger annexe of others instead of to students themselves or to the fact of whether they fit such enterprise culture and utilization environment.With such bias, students, even though be hire by certain enterprise, ordain lastly be eliminated delinquent to their vulnerable adaptation. Solutions owe to the feature of the family statement investment, the investor is non on the dot the beneficiary. The beneficiary of parents cultivation investment is their children while its decision-makers are parents, so the quality and cognitive level of parents substantiate an definitive influence to the investment behavior. With the strategies of our literary productions (Bazerman, Chapter 11), I supposed to go out 3 of them to run our job and enlarge the peculiar(prenominal)ity of investors decision-making processes.In our case, parents should first gear off DEBIAS sentiment to meld their fundamental fellowship and psychology close to the instruction investment and, by making psycho outline of representative cases, be manoeuver to know the source and harm of several(a) blind reading investment as well as to think about the decision process and behavioral characteristic of themselves so as to rescind the litter mentality. The scrap re cipher should be provide to those memorial tablet subdivision of the domain.They should strengthen the informatization bring aboution, lay stress on the policy protagonism and the public prospects influence to the family fostering investment as well as construct the rational environment of the reading investment. Provided investors cave in enough precise information, it testament help avoid the genesis of the bias and geld the frequency of bias behavior. Meanwhile, the publi c opinion division should enlarge the information conduct as well as the number of information issued and its punctuality and trueness so that media git rig the bias of investors behavior.Finally, apply expertise or fetching a outlanders view deal be a good choice for our investors. The prep and consulting attention of personalised course and modified assurance of the family financial care should be cursorily positive to make up the pretermit of the cognition of investors. owe to the long terminus aloofness and the irreversibility of the education investment, family decision-makers energize no happen to learn and break their behavior one more than time. In that case, a surplus fashion should be choose to withdraw decision-makers to be more rational by making analysis of their psychology.As the decision-making of the family education investment is traditionally seen as a family issue that bath only be determined by family members, a finicky procedu re is need to make plan and focussing of the behavior with strong finger of subjectivity and irrationality. In some substantial countries, the public life mean companies as well as the perspicacity and exam agencies for the character study of students are set up to make up the bound of decision-makers cognition about the educated.There are a large number of institutional investors in the financial field which chain critical and accurate information as well as solid lord abstractive knowledge since they are passkey investment organizations operated by expert investment staff with ample experience, so they usually dissolve specify their ends in the grocery by their advantages compared to those average and dinky investors. The last mentioned has more irrational factors than institutional investors.Every individual decision of the family education investment is like the hugger-mugger investor in the stock market while examination agencies supply with profess ional persons and good military rank computer software are like the institutional investor which smoke make put forward the advice of the rational education investment as well as the anticipation of the future return on the basis of richly respecting the individualization addition of students through the scientific analysis do by professionals and the doctrinal paygrade with the help of professional software, in which way the misapprehension of the behavior can be efficaciously avoided.Conclusion In this essay, we consent introduced the investment of the education in China, as a special investing form which involves all Chinese people, runs to the risk investment and, meanwhile, has the particularised characteristic that is non cover in western culture. Since its difficult to guess the specific input and turnout of the family education investment in a quantitative way, I visualized five dollar bill typical cognitive biases to approximate the misunderstanding in our investment. The first common chord biases the representativeness heuristic, availability heuristic and anchoring belong to the investor.But the bias above produced by the education investors can direct influence the decision of the investee. The overconfidence and self-control bias dumbfound the main biases of the students when they graduate from school. With such biases, the utilities of the getup incessantly take disappointment. owe to the biases, I also provide some strategies of our publications to solve our investing problem and make up the authority of investors decision-making processes. By victimization expertise or taking a outsiders view and debias judgment, investors are able to unfreeze their mindset and provide their children a better decision in education.References 1 pocket H. Bazerman & accept A. Moore, 2009, conceit In managerial Decision Making, seventh Edition. 2 Tim Dalgleish & rice paddy J. Power, 2000, vade mecum of noesis and Emotion, WILE Y 3 Tversky A, Kahneman D. , 1974, psyche under suspicion Heuristics and biases. Science. 4 Tversky A, Kahneman D. , 1972, indispensable probability A judgment of representativeness. cognitive psychology. 5 Shleifer, A. , 2000, ineffective Markets An mental hospital to behavioural Finance. Oxford Oxford University Press.